タンディ・ニュートンのインスタグラム(thandieandkay) - 1月11日 19時55分

Dressed to impress! "Gens de couleur is a French term meaning "people of color". The term was commonly used in France's West Indian colonies prior to the abolition of slavery, where it was a short form of gens de couleur libres (free people of color). It referred specifically to free people of mixed-heritage, primarily European & African.
In some cases, planters or other relatively wealthy white men took slave women or free women of mixed heritage as concubines. If the woman was enslaved, the man might free her and their children, adding to the class of free people of color. Such planters often sent their mixed-heritage sons to France for education & service in the military, sometimes settling property on them. Prior to the Haitian Revolution, Saint-Domingue was legally divided into three distinct groups: free whites (who were divided socially between the plantation-class grands blancs & the working-class petits blancs(poor white farmers and trademen of the colony), freedmen (affranchis), & slaves. More than half of the affranchis were gens de couleur libres. In addition, maroons (runaway slaves) were sometimes able to establish independent small communities & a kind of freedom in the mountains, along with remnants of Haiti's original Taino people.
At the time when slavery ended in the colony in 1793, there were approximately 28,000 anciens libres ("free before") in Haiti. The term was used to distinguish those who were already free, compared to those liberated by the general emancipation of 1793. About 16,000 of these anciens libres were 'gens de couleur libres'. Another 12,000 were black slaves who had either purchased their freedom or had received it from their masters for various reasons.
The former slaves & the anciens libres, however, remained segregated in many respects. Their animosity & struggle for power erupted in 1799. The competition between the gens de couleur led and the black Haitians devolved into the War of the Knives.
After their loss in that conflict, many wealthy gens de couleur left as refugees to France, Cuba, Puerto Rico, the U.S. & elsewhere. Others, however, remained to play an influential role in Haitian politics." Source, Wikipedia

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